1 00:00:22,330 --> 00:00:25,240 >>> LIVE FROM THE JOHNS HOPKINS APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY IN 2 00:00:25,240 --> 00:00:28,450 LAUREL, MARYLAND, WELCOME TO NASA'S NEW HORIZONS COUNTDOWN TO 3 00:00:28,450 --> 00:00:29,450 PLUTO. 4 00:00:29,450 --> 00:00:33,330 I'M MIKE BUCKLEY FROM PUBLIC AFFAIRS JOINED BY DWAYNE BROWN 5 00:00:33,330 --> 00:00:34,840 FROM NASA'S OFFICE OF COMMUNICATION. 6 00:00:34,840 --> 00:00:35,840 WELCOME. 7 00:00:35,840 --> 00:00:37,860 >> IT'S GOOD TO BE HERE, MIKE. 8 00:00:37,860 --> 00:00:41,640 SINCE ITS LAUNCH IN 2006, NEW HORIZONS HAS TRAVELED TO THE FAR 9 00:00:41,640 --> 00:00:43,510 REACHES OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM. 10 00:00:43,510 --> 00:00:46,989 WHEN NEW HORIZONS PASSES BY PLUTO, IT WILL BE NEARLY 3.6 11 00:00:46,989 --> 00:00:50,150 BILLION, THAT'S WITH A "B," MILES FROM HOME. 12 00:00:50,150 --> 00:00:53,420 NEW HORIZONS JOINS OTHER NASA SPACECRAFT UNRAVELING MYSTERIES 13 00:00:53,420 --> 00:00:57,200 IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND BEYOND TO HOPEFULLY ANSWER HOW DID OUR 14 00:00:57,200 --> 00:01:00,440 SOLAR SYSTEM ORIGINATE AND CHANGE OUR TIME, HOW DID THE 15 00:01:00,440 --> 00:01:05,010 UNIVERSE BEGIN EVOLVE, AND WHAT WILL BE ITS DESTINY, HOW DID 16 00:01:05,010 --> 00:01:09,280 LIFE ORIGINATE, AND ARE WE ALONE. 17 00:01:09,280 --> 00:01:11,180 NASA HAS THE SPACECRAFT EXPLORING TO ANSWER THESE 18 00:01:11,180 --> 00:01:14,790 QUESTIONS BECAUSE WE'RE OUT THERE. 19 00:01:14,790 --> 00:01:18,420 NEW HORIZONS IS ALREADY SENDING BACK THE MOST DETAILED IMAGE AND 20 00:01:18,420 --> 00:01:22,040 MEASUREMENTS EVER TAKEN OF PLUTO AND ITS MOONS, REVEALING 21 00:01:22,040 --> 00:01:25,470 SIGNIFICANT NEW INSIGHTS ABOUT THE DWARF PLANET. 22 00:01:25,470 --> 00:01:28,210 BUT THIS IS ONLY THE BEGINNING. 23 00:01:28,210 --> 00:01:31,470 SCIENTISTS WILL SEE EVEN MORE CLEAR DETAIL SINCE THE 24 00:01:31,470 --> 00:01:34,750 SPACECRAFT DRAWS NEARER TO ITS DESTINATION. 25 00:01:34,750 --> 00:01:38,380 AND NOT ONLY CAN YOU GET THE LATEST IMAGES, SCIENCE FINDING, 26 00:01:38,380 --> 00:01:41,390 AND MISSION UPDATES HERE ON NASA TELEVISION FOR THE NEXT SEVERAL 27 00:01:41,390 --> 00:01:45,780 DAYS, JOIN THE CONVERSATION VIA TWITTER, FACEBOOK, AND OTHER 28 00:01:45,780 --> 00:01:49,940 SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS TALKING ABOUT THE HISTORIC JULY 14th 29 00:01:49,940 --> 00:01:50,940 FLY-BY. 30 00:01:50,940 --> 00:01:54,220 SEND QUESTIONS AT #PLUTOFLYBY. 31 00:01:54,220 --> 00:01:56,530 AND OF COURSE, ALL MISSION INFORMATION AND IMAGES ARE 32 00:01:56,530 --> 00:02:00,320 AVAILABLE AT WWW.NASA.GOV/NEWHORIZONS. 33 00:02:00,320 --> 00:02:05,300 MIKE, I'VE BEEN DEALING WITH SPACE MISSIONS FOR 30 YEARS. 34 00:02:05,300 --> 00:02:08,860 I AM SO JUICED, PSYCHED TO SHARE THE SET WITH YOU THESE NEXT 35 00:02:08,860 --> 00:02:10,280 SEVERAL DAYS. 36 00:02:10,280 --> 00:02:11,319 PART OF HISTORY IS PRETTY COOL. 37 00:02:11,319 --> 00:02:13,560 >> IT'S GOING TO BE A GREAT RIDE. 38 00:02:13,560 --> 00:02:16,480 WE'RE COUNTING DOWN TO NEW HORIZONS'S HISTORIC FLY BY THE 39 00:02:16,480 --> 00:02:18,069 SOLAR SYSTEM. 40 00:02:18,069 --> 00:02:22,409 WE'RE THREE DAYS AWAY, HALF A PLUTO DAY, AND HALF A MILLION 41 00:02:22,409 --> 00:02:23,950 MILES FROM LIEUTENANT OH. 42 00:02:23,950 --> 00:02:25,511 SO FAR THIS HAS BEEN AN INCREDIBLE ADVENTURE. 43 00:02:25,511 --> 00:02:26,511 >> FIVE, FOUR, THREE, TWO -- WE HAVE IGNITION AND LIFTOFF OF 44 00:02:26,511 --> 00:03:33,910 NASA'S NEW HORIZONS SPACECRAFT ON A DECADES' LONG VOYAGE. 45 00:03:33,910 --> 00:03:37,770 >> BACK WITH US NEW HORIZONS OPERATION MANAGER, ALICE BOWMAN, 46 00:03:37,770 --> 00:03:41,580 FROM THE REMOTE CENTER AT APL. 47 00:03:41,580 --> 00:03:43,570 ALICE, GOOD MORNING. 48 00:03:43,570 --> 00:03:44,900 >> HI, MIKE. 49 00:03:44,900 --> 00:03:46,720 >> STRAIGHT UP, HOW IS NEW HORIZONS DOING? 50 00:03:46,720 --> 00:03:49,209 >> OH, THE SPACECRAFT IS DOING GREAT. 51 00:03:49,209 --> 00:03:53,050 IT'S TAKING LOTS OF SCIENCE DATA AND SENTENCING ALL BACK TO 52 00:03:53,050 --> 00:03:54,050 EARTH. 53 00:03:54,050 --> 00:03:57,480 >> LET'S LOOK INSIDE THE MISSION OPERATION CENTER, AND IF WE CAN 54 00:03:57,480 --> 00:03:59,060 -- TELL US WHAT'S THE TEAM UP TO? 55 00:03:59,060 --> 00:04:02,569 ARE WE IN CONTACT WITH NEW HORIZONS? 56 00:04:02,569 --> 00:04:04,510 >> WE ARE IN CONTACT WITH NEW HORIZONS. 57 00:04:04,510 --> 00:04:09,390 WE'RE ACTUALLY UP WITH THE 70-METER STATION AT CAMBERRA. 58 00:04:09,390 --> 00:04:13,530 THIS MORNING WE GOT DOWN OPTICAL NAVIGATION DATA, WE PROCESSED 59 00:04:13,530 --> 00:04:17,160 THAT AND SENT IT OVER TO THE NAVIGATION G&C, SORRY, GUNS AND 60 00:04:17,160 --> 00:04:20,989 CONTROL TEAMS, AND SCIENCE OPERATION TEAMS. 61 00:04:20,989 --> 00:04:24,270 THOSE TEAMS ARE PROCESSING THAT DATA. 62 00:04:24,270 --> 00:04:28,370 ABOUT 9:00 THIS MORNING, WE SENT AN UPLINK SIGNAL TO THE REX 63 00:04:28,370 --> 00:04:32,220 EXPERIMENT ON BOARD THE SPACECRAFT FOR AN OBSERVATION 64 00:04:32,220 --> 00:04:35,940 THAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN ABOUT 1:30 THIS AFTERNOON. 65 00:04:35,940 --> 00:04:38,809 >> ALICE, DWAYNE, WELCOME. 66 00:04:38,809 --> 00:04:41,830 YOU KNOW, THE WORLD IS REALLY EXCITED, EXCITING TIMES, HOW 67 00:04:41,830 --> 00:04:42,889 DOES THE TEAM FEEL? 68 00:04:42,889 --> 00:04:45,570 >> OH, THE TEAM IS JUST JAZZED FOR THIS. 69 00:04:45,570 --> 00:04:46,740 WE CAN'T WAIT. 70 00:04:46,740 --> 00:04:51,099 WE'RE USED TO SEEING NUMBERS ON OUR SCREENS IN THE MISSION 71 00:04:51,099 --> 00:04:52,099 OPERATIONS CENTER. 72 00:04:52,099 --> 00:04:56,400 IT'S JUST FANTASTIC TO SEE THOSE NUMBERS TURN INTO IMAGES AND 73 00:04:56,400 --> 00:04:57,400 SPECTRA. 74 00:04:57,400 --> 00:04:59,759 >> LET'S -- WHAT'S SOME OF THE ACTIVITIES, WHAT'S THE TEAM UP 75 00:04:59,759 --> 00:05:01,819 TO THE NEXT DAY OR SO? 76 00:05:01,819 --> 00:05:05,389 >> WE'RE GOING TO CONTINUE TO GET DOWN OPTICAL NAVIGATION 77 00:05:09,220 --> 00:05:06,389 DATA. 78 00:05:09,220 --> 00:05:12,219 AND WE'RE GOING TO BE WAITING TO SEE IF WE NEED TO DO A KNOWLEDGE 79 00:05:12,219 --> 00:05:13,579 UPDATE. 80 00:05:13,579 --> 00:05:14,610 >> BUSY TIME. 81 00:05:14,610 --> 00:05:16,180 BUSY TIME GETTING CLOSE. 82 00:05:16,180 --> 00:05:17,319 >> THANKS, ALICE. 83 00:05:17,319 --> 00:05:18,319 >> EXCITING. 84 00:05:18,319 --> 00:05:21,270 >> YOU KNOW, ALICE'S TEAM HAS ITS EYES ON NEW HORIZONS. 85 00:05:21,270 --> 00:05:23,360 WHAT'S ANOTHER COOL WAY TO FOLLOW WHAT THE SPACECRAFT IS -- 86 00:05:23,360 --> 00:05:25,159 THE SPACECRAFT IS UP TO? 87 00:05:25,159 --> 00:05:26,330 HERE'S AN ANSWER. 88 00:05:26,330 --> 00:05:30,960 >> DID YOU KNOW YOU CAN RIDE ALONG WITH NEW HORIZONS? 89 00:05:30,960 --> 00:05:31,960 YOU CAN. 90 00:05:31,960 --> 00:05:35,199 THIS IS PLUTO IN A MINUTE. 91 00:05:35,199 --> 00:05:37,789 >> ALL RIGHT. 92 00:05:37,789 --> 00:05:42,599 SO YOU CAN'T ACTUALLY HITCH A RIDE WITH NEW HORIZONS TO PLUTO, 93 00:05:42,599 --> 00:05:44,419 BUT YOU CAN DO -- PLUTO, BUT YOU CAN DO THE NEXT BEST THING, 94 00:05:44,419 --> 00:05:47,870 FOLLOW IN REAL TIME WITH A SIMULATION CALLED "EYES ON 95 00:05:47,870 --> 00:05:48,870 PLUTO." 96 00:05:48,870 --> 00:05:51,150 PART OF "EYES ON THE SOLAR SYSTEM" FROM NASA'S JET 97 00:05:51,150 --> 00:05:55,039 PROPULSION LABORATORY, AN AMAZING VIEW OF EVERYTHING IN 98 00:05:55,039 --> 00:05:58,909 THE SOLAR SYSTEM NOW INCLUDING MISSIONS LIKE NEW HORIZONS. 99 00:05:58,909 --> 00:06:01,919 THE PROGRAM FOLLOWS A PREDICTED SIMULATION. 100 00:06:01,919 --> 00:06:04,689 THAT IS, IT FOLLOWS THE TRAJECTORY AND POINTING OF THE 101 00:06:04,689 --> 00:06:07,849 SPACECRAFT AS IT IS PLANNED FOR NOMINAL SITUATION. 102 00:06:07,849 --> 00:06:11,219 USING THE DATA FROM THE NEW HORIZONS TEAM, THE TEAM HAS 103 00:06:11,219 --> 00:06:14,339 CREATED A BEAUTIFUL SIMULATION OF WHAT EXACTLY NEW HORIZONS IS 104 00:06:14,339 --> 00:06:15,360 SEEING RIGHT NOW. 105 00:06:15,360 --> 00:06:18,759 BUT IT'S SO MUCH MORE THAN JUST A SHOT OF PLUTO AND MOONS MOVING 106 00:06:18,759 --> 00:06:21,280 TOWARD THE CAMERA, I.E., YOUR COMPUTER SCREEN. 107 00:06:21,280 --> 00:06:24,770 SHOWS WHAT INSTRUMENT ON THE SPACECRAFT ARE WORKING AND WHEN 108 00:06:24,770 --> 00:06:27,430 AND WHAT THEIR TARGET IS AND EXACTLY WHERE THEY'RE SHOOTING 109 00:06:27,430 --> 00:06:28,669 AT ANY GIVEN TIME. 110 00:06:28,669 --> 00:06:30,830 YOU SEE WHEN THE CAMERA IS TAKING PICTURES, WHEN THE 111 00:06:30,830 --> 00:06:34,119 INSTRUMENTS ARE TURNED ON, AND WHEN THE SPACECRAFT IS TURNED 112 00:06:34,119 --> 00:06:36,860 WITH ITS ANTENNA FACING THE EARTH TO BEAM BACK DATA. 113 00:06:36,860 --> 00:06:39,189 YOU CAN EVEN SEE THE SPACE AT WHICH THE CAMERAS AND 114 00:06:39,189 --> 00:06:40,189 INSTRUMENTS ARE AIMED. 115 00:06:40,189 --> 00:06:43,360 IF YOU WANT TO FOLLOW ALONG IN REAL TIME OR CHECK OUT THE 116 00:06:43,360 --> 00:06:47,399 FLY-BY SEQUENCE NOW BECAUSE YOU CAN'T WAIT UNTIL THE 14th, GO TO 117 00:06:47,399 --> 00:06:50,139 EYES.NASA.GOV AND DOWNLOAD "EYES ON PLUTO." 118 00:06:50,139 --> 00:06:53,180 FOR MORE, CHECK OUT THE NEW HORIZONS WEBSITE. 119 00:06:53,180 --> 00:06:57,930 YOU CAN GO TO FLY BY AND COME BACK HERE EVERY DAY FOR MORE 120 00:06:57,930 --> 00:07:13,399 "PLUTO IN A MINUTE." 121 00:07:13,399 --> 00:07:16,169 >> JOINING US FOR THE SCIENCE UPDATE IS JOHN SPENCER, A NEW 122 00:07:16,169 --> 00:07:18,940 HORIZONS CO-INVESTIGATOR FROM SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE. 123 00:07:18,940 --> 00:07:20,189 JOHN WELCOME TO THE COUNTDOWN. 124 00:07:20,189 --> 00:07:21,189 >> THANK YOU, MIKE. 125 00:07:21,189 --> 00:07:24,869 >> I SHOULD POINT OUT THAT YOU LED THE NEW HORIZONS HAZARDOUS 126 00:07:24,869 --> 00:07:29,419 INVESTIGATION TEAM WHICH I GUESS HAD A BUSY IF NOT EVENTFUL AND 127 00:07:29,419 --> 00:07:32,300 SUSPENSEFUL SEVEN WEEKS OVER MAY AND JUNE. 128 00:07:32,300 --> 00:07:34,949 TELL US WHAT THAT INVESTIGATION WAS ABOUT. 129 00:07:34,949 --> 00:07:36,059 >> SURE. 130 00:07:36,059 --> 00:07:38,809 WE'D BEEN LOOKING FOR MANY YEARS AT THE PLUTO SYSTEM WITH THE 131 00:07:38,809 --> 00:07:42,649 HUBBLE TELESCOPE, THE BEST VIEWS WE COULD GET BEFORE NEW 132 00:07:42,649 --> 00:07:43,649 HORIZONS. 133 00:07:43,649 --> 00:07:46,710 AND IT SEEMED LIKE THE CLOSER WE LOOKED WITH HUBBLE, THE MORE 134 00:07:46,710 --> 00:07:47,919 MOONS WE FOUND. 135 00:07:47,919 --> 00:07:51,389 WE FOUND A COUPLE IN 2005. 136 00:07:51,389 --> 00:07:54,809 THIS IS -- AS WELL AS THE BIG MOON THAT WE'VE KNOWN ABOUT FOR 137 00:07:54,809 --> 00:07:55,809 A LONG TIME. 138 00:07:55,809 --> 00:08:00,939 AND THEN WE WENT BACK IN 2011, FOUND ANOTHER MOON, AND IN 2012 139 00:08:00,939 --> 00:08:04,599 WE WENT BACK AND FOUND A FIFTH MOON, STYX. 140 00:08:04,599 --> 00:08:07,529 AND THAT WAS ABOUT AS HARD AS WE COULD LOOK WITH THE HUBBLE 141 00:08:07,529 --> 00:08:08,529 TELESCOPE. 142 00:08:08,529 --> 00:08:11,119 WE WERE CONCERNED THAT EVERY TIME WE LOOKED CLOSER WE'D FIND 143 00:08:11,119 --> 00:08:12,119 MORE MOONS. 144 00:08:12,119 --> 00:08:14,099 MAYBE THERE'S A GAZILLION MOONS THERE. 145 00:08:14,099 --> 00:08:18,089 WE MIGHT NOT RUN INTO THE MOON BUT THE DEBRIS THAT WOULD BE 146 00:08:18,089 --> 00:08:22,280 EJECTED BY METEORITE COLLISIONS BECAUSE THEY'RE GOING SO FAST, 147 00:08:22,280 --> 00:08:25,689 IT COULD CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE SPACECRAFT. 148 00:08:25,689 --> 00:08:30,069 SO OUR PLAN HAS BEEN THAT AS WE APPROACH PLUTO, WE WOULD TAKE A 149 00:08:30,069 --> 00:08:34,480 SERIES OF VERY LONG EXPOSURE PICTURES OVER A COUPLE OF 150 00:08:34,480 --> 00:08:36,500 MONTHS, AS SOON AS WE WERE CLOSE ENOUGH THAT WE COULD DO BETTER 151 00:08:36,500 --> 00:08:41,469 THAN HUBBLE HAD DONE AND SEE IF WE COULD SEE ANYTHING ELSE. 152 00:08:41,469 --> 00:08:42,469 WE DID THAT. 153 00:08:42,469 --> 00:08:47,260 WE STARTED IN MAY AND FINISHED JUST OVER A WEEK AGO TAKING 154 00:08:47,260 --> 00:08:51,350 CLOSER AND CLOSER PICTURES WITH VERY LONG EXPOSURES AND RAPIDLY 155 00:08:51,350 --> 00:08:54,650 ANALYZING THEM TO SEE IF WE MIGHT SEE ANY NEW MOONS THAT 156 00:08:54,650 --> 00:08:56,540 MIGHT BE DANGEROUS TO THE SPACECRAFT. 157 00:08:56,540 --> 00:08:59,090 AND WE FOUND NOTHING. 158 00:08:59,090 --> 00:09:04,970 WE WERE ABLE TO SAY THAT THERE WERE PROBABLY NO MOONS ANY 159 00:09:04,970 --> 00:09:09,200 BRIGHTER THAN 10, 20, 30 TIMES FAINTER THAN STYX IN THE SYSTEM. 160 00:09:09,200 --> 00:09:11,710 THERE MIGHT BE TINY STUFF, BUT IT WOULD BE LESS THAN A MILE 161 00:09:11,710 --> 00:09:12,710 ACROSS. 162 00:09:12,710 --> 00:09:16,460 >> I'LL POINT OUT FIRST THAT THE TEAM -- YOU HAD PLANS IN PLACE, 163 00:09:16,460 --> 00:09:19,480 BACKUP PLANS IN PLACE HAD YOU SEEN SOMETHING THAT NEW HORIZONS 164 00:09:19,480 --> 00:09:22,110 COULD HAVE GONE ON ANOTHER PATH OR TURNED THE SPACECRAFT TO 165 00:09:22,110 --> 00:09:24,380 PROTECT ITSELF HAD YOU FOUND†-- >> RIGHT. 166 00:09:24,380 --> 00:09:26,500 WE HAD ALTERNATIVES, BUT WE PREFERRED TO STICK WITH THE 167 00:09:26,500 --> 00:09:29,050 NOMINAL PLAN BECAUSE THAT WAS THE BEST AND GIVE US THE BEST 168 00:09:29,050 --> 00:09:30,050 SCIENCE. 169 00:09:30,050 --> 00:09:33,710 WE'RE VERY HAPPY THAT WE CAN CONTINUE AS ORIGINALLY PLANNED 170 00:09:33,710 --> 00:09:36,120 AND GET THE BEST SCIENCE WE POSSIBLY CAN FROM THE PLUTO 171 00:09:36,120 --> 00:09:37,120 SYSTEM. 172 00:09:37,120 --> 00:09:39,650 >> I'M CURIOUS THAT YOU SAID -- YOU KNOW, ABOUT NOT FINDING 173 00:09:39,650 --> 00:09:41,480 MOONS, SEEING THEM, AND THERE WAS PROBABLY TALK FROM THE TEAM 174 00:09:41,480 --> 00:09:43,030 WOULD WE FIND SOMETHING OR NOT. 175 00:09:43,030 --> 00:09:44,350 YOU DIDN'T FIND ANY MORE MOONS. 176 00:09:44,350 --> 00:09:45,380 WERE YOU SURPRISED? 177 00:09:45,380 --> 00:09:46,430 >> I WAS SURPRISED. 178 00:09:46,430 --> 00:09:49,460 I EXPECTED WE'D FIND AT LEAST A COUPLE. 179 00:09:49,460 --> 00:09:50,820 THIS IS TOTALLY UNKNOWN TERRITORY. 180 00:09:50,820 --> 00:09:54,150 THE PLUTO SYSTEM IS NOWHERE WE'VE EVER BEEN DVR. 181 00:09:54,150 --> 00:09:55,150 WE'VE NEVER BEEN TO -- BEEN BEFORE. 182 00:09:55,150 --> 00:09:56,730 WE'VE NEVER BEEN TO ANYTHING LIKE THE SYSTEM BEFORE. 183 00:09:56,730 --> 00:09:58,370 WE'RE LEARNING WHAT THE RULES ARE. 184 00:09:58,370 --> 00:10:03,490 AND THE RULES SEEM TO BE BIG MOONS AND -- NOT MANY SMALLER 185 00:10:03,490 --> 00:10:04,490 ONES. 186 00:10:04,490 --> 00:10:05,870 AND WE'RE LEARNING SOMETHING ALREADY. 187 00:10:05,870 --> 00:10:08,360 >> LET'S TALK ABOUT PLUTO AND SHARON. 188 00:10:08,360 --> 00:10:10,130 YOU GUYS ARE FINISHING THE HAZARDS SEARCH. 189 00:10:10,130 --> 00:10:12,339 WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THE IMAGES? 190 00:10:12,339 --> 00:10:13,590 >> OH, MY GOODNESS. 191 00:10:13,590 --> 00:10:17,210 IT'S AMAZING WHAT WE'RE SEEING NOW. 192 00:10:17,210 --> 00:10:19,630 IT WAS A GRADUAL APPROACH, AND EVERY PICTURE OF JUST A LITTLE 193 00:10:19,630 --> 00:10:20,630 BETTER. 194 00:10:20,630 --> 00:10:23,970 NOW EVERY DAY, WE SEE A WHOLE NEW VIEW OF PLUTO TELLING US 195 00:10:23,970 --> 00:10:25,630 THING WE NEVER KNEW BEFORE. 196 00:10:25,630 --> 00:10:29,160 AND WE'RE SEEING CRAZY BLACK AND WHITE PATTERNS. 197 00:10:29,160 --> 00:10:31,330 WE HAVE NO IDEA WHAT THOSE MEAN. 198 00:10:31,330 --> 00:10:33,620 AND WE'RE SEEING A LOT OF CIRCULAR THINGS AND WONDERING 199 00:10:33,620 --> 00:10:36,310 ARE THOSE CRATERS OR SOMETHING ELSE. 200 00:10:36,310 --> 00:10:39,540 WE SAW CIRCULAR FEATURES ON NEPTUNE'S MOON TRITAN THAT ARE 201 00:10:39,540 --> 00:10:40,860 NOT CRATER. 202 00:10:40,860 --> 00:10:44,010 WE SHOULD KNOW IN A FEW DAYS. 203 00:10:44,010 --> 00:10:48,161 NOW WE'RE HAVING AN AWFUL LOT OF FUN SPECULATING, WHAT DO YOU 204 00:10:48,161 --> 00:10:50,050 THINK THAT IS, WHAT DO YOU THINK THAT IS. 205 00:10:50,050 --> 00:10:51,959 AND IT'S AMAZING. 206 00:10:51,959 --> 00:10:52,959 >> EXCELLENT. 207 00:10:52,959 --> 00:10:54,860 >> JOHN, THANKS. 208 00:10:54,860 --> 00:10:57,769 >> THANK YOU, JOHN. 209 00:10:57,769 --> 00:11:00,660 >> PLUTO IS UNUSUALLY DIFFICULT TO STUDY FROM EARTH BECAUSE IT 210 00:11:00,660 --> 00:11:02,950 IS SO SMALL AND FAR AWAY. 211 00:11:02,950 --> 00:11:05,440 COULD MISSION RESULTS PROVIDE ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ABOUT HOW 212 00:11:05,440 --> 00:11:07,470 OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED? 213 00:11:07,470 --> 00:11:11,600 LET'S HEAR FROM SOMEONE WHO CAN'T WAIT TO SEE PLUTO UP CLOSE 214 00:11:11,600 --> 00:11:14,720 AND PERSONAL. 215 00:11:14,720 --> 00:11:20,720 >> HI, I'M JAMES GREEN, I'M THE DIRECTOR OF THE PLANETARY 216 00:11:20,720 --> 00:11:23,820 SCIENCE DIVISION AT NASA HEADQUARTERS. 217 00:11:23,820 --> 00:11:26,769 AND THE NEW HORIZONS MISSION IS WITHIN MY ORGANIZATION. 218 00:11:26,769 --> 00:11:30,880 >> WE HAVE IGNITION AND LIFTOFF OF NASA'S NEW HORIZONS 219 00:11:30,880 --> 00:11:35,280 SPACECRAFT ON A DECADES' LONG VOYAGE TO VISIT THE PLANET PLUTO 220 00:11:35,280 --> 00:11:36,610 AND THEN BEYOND. 221 00:11:36,610 --> 00:11:40,590 >> NEW HORIZONS IS SPEEDING TOWARD PLUTO AT A PHENOMENAL 222 00:11:40,590 --> 00:11:45,820 RATE, 14 KILOMETERS PER SECOND, BUT YET IT HAS TAKEN YEARS TO 223 00:11:45,820 --> 00:11:47,010 GET TO PLUTO. 224 00:11:47,010 --> 00:11:49,100 WE CAN'T WAIT FOR IT TO GET THERE. 225 00:11:49,100 --> 00:11:52,950 NOW PLUTO AND OUR UNDERSTANDING OF IT IS REALLY CHANGING OUR 226 00:11:52,950 --> 00:11:55,970 VIEW OF THE SIZE OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM. 227 00:11:55,970 --> 00:12:01,510 IN FACT, THE 1990s WE BEGAN TO OBSERVE PLUTO-LIKE OBJECTS WELL 228 00:12:01,510 --> 00:12:04,090 BEYOND PLUTO. 229 00:12:04,090 --> 00:12:08,620 WE KNOW PLUTO IS ONE OF A FAMILY OF OBJECTS, WE CALL THOSE 230 00:12:08,620 --> 00:12:09,620 OBJECTS HYPERBELT. 231 00:12:09,620 --> 00:12:12,840 IN FACT, T THE OUTER -- IT IS THE OUTER SOLAR. 232 00:12:12,840 --> 00:12:18,740 IS FOR THE FIRST TIME WE'LL BE ABLE TO FLY BY A BRAND NEW 233 00:12:18,740 --> 00:12:19,740 OBJECT. 234 00:12:19,740 --> 00:12:24,810 AN OBJECT THAT'S BEEN FORMING FOR BILLIONS OF YEARS AND 235 00:12:24,810 --> 00:12:30,460 UNDERSTAND WHAT OUTER PARTS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM ARE ALL IT. 236 00:12:30,460 --> 00:12:35,070 NASA MISSIONS AND NEW HORIZONS IS NO DIFFERENT, REQUIRE 237 00:12:35,070 --> 00:12:36,570 EXCEPTIONAL INDIVIDUALS. 238 00:12:36,570 --> 00:12:41,060 IN FACT, THERE'S SO MANY HEROIC PEOPLE THAT HAVE GONE IN TO 239 00:12:41,060 --> 00:12:45,360 MAKING THIS MISSION POSSIBLE, IT'S -- IT'S AN UNBELIEVABLE 240 00:12:45,360 --> 00:12:46,360 VENTURE. 241 00:12:46,360 --> 00:12:49,740 BUT IT IS REALLY THE UNITED STATES THAT HAS BEEN THE LEADER 242 00:12:49,740 --> 00:12:52,340 IN THE OUTER PLANETS' EXPLORATION PROGRAM. 243 00:12:52,340 --> 00:12:57,440 THE UNITED STATES IS THE ONLY COUNTRY THAT HAS SENT MISSIONS 244 00:12:57,440 --> 00:13:00,760 INTO THE OUTER PART OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM. 245 00:13:00,760 --> 00:13:03,350 PLANETARY SCIENCE REALLY PROVIDES I THINK A TREMENDOUS 246 00:13:03,350 --> 00:13:05,540 VALUE TO OUR COUNTRY. 247 00:13:05,540 --> 00:13:11,210 A PLANET IT'S STILL KIND OF COOL 248 00:13:11,210 --> 00:13:16,120 FAR AWAY FAR AWAY 249 00:13:16,120 --> 00:13:20,740 >> WELL, WE WANT TO BE ABLE TO BRING OUR YOUNG STUDENTS ALONG. 250 00:13:20,740 --> 00:13:23,810 WE WANT THEM TO STEP INTO OUR SHOES. 251 00:13:23,810 --> 00:13:26,260 WE DON'T WANT THE EXPLORATION TO STOP. 252 00:13:26,260 --> 00:13:29,470 IT'S JUST ONE OF THE INNATE THINGS THAT WE HAVE IN THE 253 00:13:29,470 --> 00:13:33,270 UNITED STATES, I BELIEVE, IS THIS EXPLORATION GENE. 254 00:13:33,270 --> 00:13:38,790 WHILE I BELIEVE THE ENCOUNTER OF PLUTO WITH THE NEW HORIZONS 255 00:13:38,790 --> 00:13:43,130 FLY-BY IS GOING TO BE SO SPECTACULAR, WE'LL HAVE THE 256 00:13:43,130 --> 00:13:44,130 WORLD'S ATTENTION. 257 00:13:44,130 --> 00:13:46,520 AND NOT JUST FOR A LITTLE BIT. 258 00:13:46,520 --> 00:13:52,220 I BELIEVE IT WILL BE BUILT UP OVER MANY MONTHS AS WE BEGIN TO 259 00:13:52,220 --> 00:13:54,860 OBSERVE PLUTO, ITS MOONS. 260 00:13:54,860 --> 00:13:59,990 WE MAY EVEN FIND MANY MORE OBJECTS, PERHAPS RINGS, PERHAPS 261 00:13:59,990 --> 00:14:02,380 OTHER THINGS AWAITING OUR DISCOVERY. 262 00:14:02,380 --> 00:14:10,500 I THINK THE WORLD WILL SIT UP AND TAKE NOTICE. 263 00:14:10,500 --> 00:14:12,320 >> HAVE YOU CHECKED YOUR PLUTO TIME? 264 00:14:12,320 --> 00:14:14,940 THIS IS THE MOMENT DURING DAWN AND DUSK EACH DAY WHEN THE 265 00:14:14,940 --> 00:14:18,060 ILLUMINATION ON EARTH MATCHES THAT WAS HIGH NOON ON PLUTO. 266 00:14:18,060 --> 00:14:21,500 AND NASA WANTS TO SEE WHAT PLUTO TIME LOOKS LIKE IN YOUR AREA. 267 00:14:21,500 --> 00:14:24,400 VISIT THE WEBSITE AND TAG YOUR PHOTOS WITH THE HASH TAG 268 00:14:24,400 --> 00:14:50,680 #PLUTOTIME. 269 00:14:50,680 --> 00:14:54,370 >> AND AS WE COUNT DOWN TO A HISTORIC MOMENT FOR OUR NATION 270 00:14:54,370 --> 00:14:56,700 AND THE NATION'S SPACE PROGRAM, DON'T FORGET YOU CAN GET THE 271 00:14:56,700 --> 00:15:00,560 LATEST IMAGES, SCIENCE FINDINGS, AND MISSION UPDATES HERE ON NASA 272 00:15:00,560 --> 00:15:02,720 TELEVISION OVER THE NEXT SEVERAL DAYS. 273 00:15:02,720 --> 00:15:06,180 AND JOIN THE CONVERSATION VIA TWITTER, FACEBOOK, AND OTHER 274 00:15:06,180 --> 00:15:09,920 SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS TALKING ABOUT THE HISTORIC JULY 14th 275 00:15:09,920 --> 00:15:10,920 FLY-BY. 276 00:15:10,920 --> 00:15:19,710 AND YES, SEND IN YOUR QUESTIONS AT #PLUTOFLYBY, AND GO TO 277 00:15:19,710 --> 00:15:21,720 NASA.GOV/NEWHORIZONS. 278 00:15:21,720 --> 00:15:25,420 IF YOU'RE A FAN OF 3D TOYS, MAKE YOU LIKE THEM, I CERTAINLY LIKE 279 00:15:25,420 --> 00:15:30,700 THEM, YOU CAN GO ON LINE, THERE'S A ONE-STOP SITE FOR 3D 280 00:15:30,700 --> 00:15:34,920 MODELS, IMAGES, VISUALIZATIONS ALL FREE. 281 00:15:34,920 --> 00:15:37,500 MIKE, THAT'S THE PRICE EVERYONE CAN BE HAPPY WITH. 282 00:15:37,500 --> 00:15:38,500 >> I KNOW. 283 00:15:38,500 --> 00:15:39,500 THERE'S SO MUCH ON THERE. 284 00:15:39,500 --> 00:15:41,240 MAKE ONE, MAKE SOME OTHERS, TOO, TO GET READY FOR THE FLY-BY. 285 00:15:41,240 --> 00:15:43,190 DO IT OURSELVES. 286 00:15:43,190 --> 00:15:45,660 THAT'S THE LATEST FROM NASA'S NEW HORIZONS MISSION ON PLUTO'S 287 00:15:45,660 --> 00:15:46,660 DOORSTEP. 288 00:15:46,660 --> 00:15:48,850 WE ARE THREE DAYS AND TWO MILLION MILES TO GO UNTIL THE 289 00:15:48,850 --> 00:15:52,210 FLY-BY, AND THE COUNTDOWN TO PLUTO IS WINDING DOWN. 290 00:15:52,210 --> 00:15:53,210 I'M MIKE BUCKLEY. 291 00:15:53,210 --> 00:15:54,540 >> I'M DWAYNE BROWN. 292 00:15:54,540 --> 00:15:57,480 >> THANKS FOR WATCHING.